# October 13 ## Spoken on October 13 *Lectures from this day: 9 recordings* --- **[1973: Bhagavad-gītā 13.19](spoken/1973/731013bg.bom)** > That is confirmed in the *Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam. Bhaktim udasya te vibho kliśyanti ye kevala-bodha-labdhaye*. Kevala-bodha-labdhaye,* simply to understand. And you can take any insignificant thing, and if you want to speculate upon it, we can write volumes of books, but what is the use of such knowledge? Simply waste of time. But if by knowledge you come to the point of *bhakti,* how to surrender to Kṛṣṇa, then your knowledge is perfect. Therefore Kṛṣṇa says that "This knowledge, to surrender unto Me," how to surrender to Kṛṣṇa, comes after many many births. *Bahūnāṁ janmanām ante*. > Kṛṣṇa says, *mayā tatam idaṁ sarvam.* "Whatever you see, that is My expansion of energy." Just like the energy, sun, is there in the localized place, and the energy, sunshine, is distributed all over the universe. But you cannot say, "Because I am in touch with the sunshine, therefore I am in touch with the sun." You are simultaneously, you are in touch with the sun, at the same time not touching sun. Just like at the present moment at night we are not in touch with the sun, because it is darkness. So when... We are not in touch with God when we forget Him. And as soon as we understand that everything is the energy of the Supreme Lord, then immediately we become in touch. That can be done, *premāñjana-cchurita-bhakti-vilocanena santaḥ sadaiva hṛdayeṣu vilokayanti* [Bs. 5.38]. --- **[1974: Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 1.8.33](spoken/1974/741013sb.may)** > If you take... *Veda* means knowledge, scripture. *Veda* does not mean any particular scripture. Any scripture which gives knowledge of God, you can call it as *Veda. Vedaiś ca sarvaiḥ.* If any book or any scripture or any book of knowledge does not give the information of God, that is not scripture, because it cannot be called scripture, or *Veda,* because it does not search after the Supreme Being. Therefore Kṛṣṇa says, *vedaiś ca sarvair aham eva vedyaḥ. Bahūnāṁ janmanām ante jñānavān māṁ prapadyate, vāsudevaḥ sarvam iti*. This is the ultimate goal of knowledge. > So in every way Kṛṣṇa proved the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Still, these rascals, they are searching after God. What is this nonsense? Here is God. You see that He is God in every respect according to the definition, and still, you say that "Where is God?" How much rascal they are, just imagine. Here is God, and still, they are enquiring, "What is God? Can you show me God?" What is this? Is it not rascaldom? What is this? If everything, proof is there, why they are searching after God? What is the answer? Where is the question of searching after God? Just answer this question. God is present here, and still, you are wasting your time. Therefore Kṛṣṇa says *mūḍha. Mūḍha. Na māṁ duṣkṛtino mūḍhāḥ*. --- **[1975: Bhagavad-gītā 13.1–3](spoken/1975/751013bg.dur)** > So God is witness. He is along with us always. Whatever we are desiring, whatever we are working, He is witness and He is giving the result. Therefore Kṛṣṇa says, *kṣetra-jñaṁ cāpi māṁ viddhi* : "I am also one of the occupant of this body. But what is the difference between you and Me? You know simply about your body; I know everything of everyone's body. That is the difference." *Kṣetra-jñaṁ cāpi māṁ viddhi sarva-kṣetreṣu.* God knows what are the desires and activities of a little ant, and He knows what are the desires and activities of Lord Brahmā, the biggest of the biggest living entity within this universe, and the smallest—everywhere God. It is said, *īśvaraḥ sarva-bhūtānāṁ hṛd-deśe 'rjuna tiṣṭhati* : "He is situated in everyone's heart." It does not mean that He lives in the *brāhmaṇa's* heart and not in the ant's heart. Everyone's heart. > The body is just like a rented house, and there are two interested person. One is the occupier, and the other is the owner. That will be explained, that I am the occupier of this body. I am not actually owner. The owner is Kṛṣṇa, or God. This house is owned by Kṛṣṇa, or God. But just like the field: The agriculturist, the cultivator, takes the land from the king or the government. He pays little tax, and he works on it. Similarly, everything belongs to God. *Īśāvāsyam idaṁ sarvam* [Īśo*mantra* 1*]. Nothing belongs to us. We also belong to God. This is knowledge. But God has given this piece of farm or land for our activities. That will be explained in the next verse. Kṛṣṇa says, *kṣetra-jñaṁ cāpi māṁ viddhi*. Kṣetra-jña* means... Body is *kṣetra,* and the living entity is the occupier of this body. So Kṛṣṇa said, "There is another occupier, interested person, of this body." *Kṣetra-jñaṁ cāpi māṁ viddhi.* "That is Myself." *Kṣetra-jñaṁ cāpi māṁ viddhi sarva-kṣetreṣu bhārata.* --- **[1975: Morning Walk](spoken/1975/751013mw.dur)** > Puṣṭa Kṛṣṇa: So then the point is that they criticize that how we can preach such a civilization to the Western countries if even it's not working in India today. Although theoretically it's perfect, practically it's not working. > By nature's law you have to change your body. It is evident. Still, they will not believe. We're changing body every moment, and they will say, big, big professors, that after the body is finished, everything is finished. This is *ajñāna.* And that is going on as education, whole world. "It is folly to be wise where ignorance is bliss." The whole world is in ignorance, so we are giving them wise instruction; they are thinking, "These people are crazy men." That's all. --- **[1976: Address in Hindi [translated](spoken/1976/761013le.cha)** > Everyone is a tiny *īśvara*. There is no disagreement with that. But *parameśvara*, *parameśvara* means there is none above Him to order. That *īśvara* is Kṛṣṇa. *īśvaraḥ paramaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ sac-cid-ānanda-vigrahaḥ* [Bs. 5.1] And His body is saccidānanda or eternal, full of knowledge and bliss. We should accept evidence from the *śāstra*. *Sat-cit-ānanda*. His body is not like our body. Our body is not *saccidānanda*. The first thing is that it is not sat or eternal. It will stay for some years, 20, 50, or 100 at the most. Therefore asat or temporary. Not sat. And cit means knowledge. Neither we are knowledgeable. There are so many things we are yet to learn. We are still learning. So it is neither cit nor sat. And there is no question of ānanda at all. How will it be blissful? So long you have this body you must suffer the threefold material miseries namely *ādhyātmika*, miseries caused by one's own body and mind, *ādhibhautika*, miseries caused by natural calamities, and *ādhidaivika*, miseries caused by other living entities. For example, some of you are fanning yourselves. Why? Because its too hot and you cannot tolerate. That is *ādhidaivika* misery. Similarly misery caused by the body and mind is called *ādhyātmika* misery. All human beings, animals, insects, flies trouble one another, eat one another. This is the rule of this world. *Jīvo jīvasya jīvanam* That is called *ādhibhautika* misery. The demogods from the higher planets cause troubles like drought, earthquake, epidemic, and so on. We have no control over them. So many types of... So long we have got this body these three types of miseries will be there. *Tri-tāpa-yantraṇā* or threefold miseries. You must suffer these three kinds of miseries. Then where is the question of *ananda*? This body is neither eternal, nor it is full of knowledge, nor blissful. And the Supreme Lord's body is, *sat-cit-ānanda vigrahaḥ*. In the *śāstra* where it is said *nirākāra* or formless, it does not mean that He has no *ākāra* or form. Definitely there is form. But that form is not like this form. His form is not like my form or your form. *Vigrahaḥ*. *Vigrahaḥ* means personified. How God has no form? He is the supreme father. My father has a form. He is a person, therefore I am also a person. Like that his father, his father, his father and ultimately Brahmājī. You go further and further up to the supreme father. And that supreme father has no form? What kind of logic is this? He must have. Just like you have not seen your grandfather and his father, and his father. Does it mean he was formless? You had grandfather so would you say he was formless? No. So God is not formless. He is not formless because He does not have a form like us. His form is *sat-cit-ānanda vigrahaḥ*. When the śāstra declares, *īśvara parama Kṛṣṇa*, you do not think that Kṛṣṇa as an ordinary human being. Therefore the Supreme Lord has forbidden in the *Bhagavad-gītā*. > Just like my body, I say it is my body, but I do not know anything about the body. I eat, then how the food goes to the stomach, how it is transformed into blood, how the stool and urine are formed, how the heart is working? I know nothing. I just eat. The doctors know something, but not everything. He is not *abhijña*. But the Supreme Personality of Godhead who has created this world, He is anvayād *itarataś cārtheṣv abhijñaḥ*. He knows everything directly and indirectly. He is called *Bhagavāna*, the Supreme Personality of Godhead. These are the considerations. Those who are foolish they call it *asatyam*. He created this gigantic universe. We construct a building, a small building. We make it nicely. Some friend comes and says to me "O you have made a nice building." And we become very happy. If someone comes and says, "You have made this house, but it is false." We will become discouraged. I have spent so much money, worked so hard and he says it is false. Why do you say unreal? Only one who does not believe in God, and who does not accept God, he will say it is unreal. It is not unreal. What a wonderful architecture! A wise person can see and understand how the sun is rising, how the moon is rising and how the Supreme Lord has created the material elements. --- **[1977: Room Conversation](spoken/1977/771013r1.vrn)** > This is the result of mental speculation. And *Gītā* also says that *manaḥ ṣaṣṭhānīndriyāṇi prakṛti-sthāni karṣati*. This spiritual spark, being bound up by the mind and the senses, is struggling hard on the material nature. And he's simply struggling. No fixed-up condition. Everyone will say, "I think this is right." What is right, he does not know. That is struggle. Is it not? > Viśvambhara [Transl. He has got a factory. The internal devotion or feelings that these people have, is very rare to find among our Indian people. After receiving the news when I booked tickets for me and my mother, as I was coming I saw in front of the G.P.O. one devotee is standing and distributing books.] --- **[1977: Room Conversation](spoken/1977/771013r2.vrn)** > Hare Kṛṣṇa Hare Kṛṣṇa Kṛṣṇa Kṛṣṇa Hare Hare > Hare Rāma Hare Rāma Rāma Rāma Hare Hare[Transl. *Mahārāja? Why are you again and again...]*Ā[Transl. *Mahārāja, what forgive? *dharma artha kāma gatayā samaya pratikṣā* [*Kṛṣṇa-karṇāmṛta*, verse 107] The way you have preached, you have fulfilled the desire of Śrīla Prabhupāda. You have fulfilled the desire of Mahāprabhu. Whatever opulence comes you accept for the service of the Lord, without any attachment. You have purified everyone.] > [Transl. *I became proud.] [Transl. *How did you become proud, Mahārāja? It was Mahāprabhu's desire to preach everywhere. Bhakti Vinoda Ṭhākura has said—white complexioned persons and dark complexioned persons will together sing "*hā nitāi, hā gaurāṅga*" and embrace each other. They will float in the waves of ecstasy and roll on the ground. This is the desire of Mahāprabhu and you fulfilled His prediction. So where is the question of false pride? This is real pride. This is the greatest thing you have done. In Śrī *Caitanya-śikṣāmṛta*, page eleven, this is written. Śrīla Prabhupāda started it thinly and you have completed it in a massive way. This is Historic. This is the perfect History.] Purī [Transl. *What Maharaja has done, that is, *na bhūta na bhaviṣyati,* neither happened in the past nor will happen in the future. Nobody has preached like that in such a short time.][Transl. *Even in every town and village of Orissa, in every house, even in the hilly areas I have heard about your preaching of Hare Kṛṣṇa *Mahāmantra*. Everyone says, Hare Kṛṣṇa, Hare Kṛṣṇa, Sāheb Maṭha or The Maṭha of the Foreigner & Sāheb *vaiṣṇava* or foreign vaiṣṇava. We give example, you are Indians, born in *brāhmaṇa* family, educated, you are accepting the temporary objects of sense gratification which foreigners have rejected as stool and urine. You could not give up taking tea and smoking *bīḍī even now. What kind of Indians are you? You all are spies? You all are secret sinners. Come with us and we will show you what they are.]*Purī Mahārāja:* [Transl. *Let anyone say whatever he wants.][Transl. *They are good people and I am greatly sinful.]*Ānanda Prabhu:*[Transl. *You are Mahā Patīta Pāvana. You have delivered the fallen souls. Therefore you are Mahā Patīta Pāvana.]*Prabhupāda:* [Transl. *Actually they are all very good.] Ā[Transl. *You are right. Everyone says so. From a fool to a learned person, everyone says like that. You purified them. Śrīla Prabhupāda said, we are real *Harijana*. Who is *harijana*? Ordinary *harijanas* cleanse stool, urine etc. But we cleanse the contamination of fruitive activity and mental speculation. Therefore who is better *harijana* than me in the world? Only me. You are also the only *Harijana*. You also cleansed all material contamination and purified everyone. As fire purifies contaminated gold, you are also like fire; you have purified the contaminated heart. This is the greatest exhibition of compassion. They have tilaka on the forehead, *tulasī* bead in the neck, chanting the holy name of Hari and they don't eat anything other than *prasāda*. This fact is known to everyone in every place. But they don't want to reveal it. What could be more important than this? Where is your offense? Whatever opulence is coming, that is coming without your wish. Rushing towards you.]*Prabhupāda:*[Transl. *Yes. That's coming.]*Ā[Transl. *So? These are the statements of Mahāprabhu, of the scriptures, of the devotees and of Kṛṣṇa. Not everyone can do it. It is not easy to find jewel from the depth of water. One who knows, knows the value of it.] [Transl. *Hindi books have been printed in large quantity. Hindi...][Transl. *Is *Bhāgavatam* completed? Or something is left?]*Prabhupāda:*[Transl. *Something is left.]*Purī Mahārāja:* [Transl. *To write or to print?] [Transl. *Something is left to write. Eleventh canto and twelfth canto. A *Maṭha* is being built in Bhuvaneswar.][Transl. *It came in the newspaper that you are building a *Maṭha* in Bhuvaneswar.]*Prabhupāda:*[Transl. *What?]*Ānanda Prabhu:*[Transl. *All the newspapers in Orissa published this news. Mahārāja is constructing a Maṭha with two and half crores of rupees.]*Prabhupāda:*[Transl. *You can go and help.]*Ānanda Prabhu: [laughs] *[Transl. *What can I help? I am a fool. I have no experience.]*Prabhupāda:*[Transl. *Gaur-govinda is there.]*Purī Mahārāja:*[Transl. *He is very enthusiastic and a competent person. He is working hard.]*Prabhupāda:* [Transl. *The land which was donated by Kānonga...] [Transl. *Nityānanda Kānonga donated it.][Transl....*is a very nice land. When I performed the foundation ceremony, many distinguished persons of Orissa had come. Nityānanda Kānonga and many others came.[Transl. *Nityānanda Kānonga is a well known person in Orissa. He must have been present there. Also the Governor of Orissa was there.] [Transl. *All polished persons.][Transl. *They are all spiritually inclined.] [Transl. *Also in other places of Orissa people are contributing.] [Transl. *There were many Kings in Orissa and they used to extend financial help. But now they themselves are in poor condition, so they are unable to extend any help nowadays. Only the rich persons are able to help financially.][Transl. *Anyway I did whatever I could to my best ability.]*Ā[Transl. *More than enough.] [Transl. *So much you have done in ten, twelve years. Nobody has done before nor anybody can do in future. Let anybody say whatever he wants. But we must admit and appreciate your work.]*Prabhupāda:*[Transl. *How long my heart beat will go on?]*Ā[Transl. *Mahārāja, you are alive simply by the will of Kṛṣṇa. Whatever is your physical condition you are living by the mercy of the Lord. He is watching everything.] [Transl. *The benefit people are deriving by your presence in this world, that will continue to go on. This fact was revealed by Mahāprabhu to Haridāsa Ṭhākura.]*Prabhupāda:*[Transl. *You are a Kavirāja. So check my pulse.]*[everyone laughs] Purī Mahārā[Transl. *Now there is no connection with pulse or physical science, now by the will of the Lord, your spiritual body, as long as the Lord keeps you in this world, it will be beneficial for everyone. If the Supreme Lord takes you away it will be a great loss for the world. Mahāprabhu said to Haridāsa Ṭhākura, you are a jewel. So if you depart from this world then this planet will be bereft of a jewel like personality. Similarly you have also brought about a great deal of auspiciousness to the world. If you leave then the world will be at a great loss. If Kṛṣṇa wants to keep you some more time in this world then it is good.] [Transl. *My pulse beat has stopped.]*Purī Mahārā[Transl. *No, Pulse is beating and not stopped yet. Still beating.] [everyone laughs] Prabhupā [Transl. *No, it is steady.][Transl. *See, before leaving his body Tīrtha Mahārāja remained unconscious for 15 days. 15 days no sense. But you are fully conscious. This is the spiritual symptom clearly visible. Fully cognizant. There is no illusion or ignorance at all. No sleepiness, no illusion. Our Vaikhānasa Mahārāja was in bewildered condition for two years. But Mahārāja, you are same as you were before. The bodily changes etc which are destined to happen are happening. The body is doing it's own work. But you are fully conscious.] [Transl. *The condition is very favorable. It is the great mercy of the Lord.] [Transl. *The duration of life is over, Kṛṣṇa is still keeping me alive.]*Purī Mahārā[Transl. *Mahārāja, We hear the topics of sage Mārkaṇḍeya that he lived for seven kalpas. By the desire of the Supreme Lord the duration of life increases. Our Śrīdhara Mahārāja used to say, I will live for forty years according to my horoscope. But he is more than eighty years old. These things happen by the will of the Lord. This has nothing to do with age or horoscope.] > *[break]* > Bhaktivinoda says, "Please hear me, O Kāna! All the things that stimulate remembrance of You are the very source of my life!"Song by Kṛṣṇadāsa Kavirāja Gosvāmī:> > jaya rādhe, jaya kṛṣṇa jaya vṛṇdāvana > > śrī govinda gopīnātha madana-mohana > > śyāma-kuṇḍa, rādhā-kuṇḍa, giri-govardhana > > kālindi yamunā jaya, jaya mahāvana > > keśī-ghāṭa, vaṁśi-vaṭa, dvādaśa-kānana > > yāṅā saba līlā kaila śrī-nanda-nandana > > śrī-nanda-yaśodā jaya, jaya gopa-gaṇa > > śrīdāmādi jaya, jaya dhenu-vatsa-gaṇa > > jaya vṛṣabhānu, jaya kīrtidā sundarī > > jaya paurṇamāsī, jaya ābhīra-nagarī > > jaya jaya gopīśvara vṛndāvana-mājha > > jaya jaya kṛṣṇa-sakhā baṭu dvija-rāja > > jaya rāma-ghāta, jaya rohiṇī-nandana > > jaya jaya vṛndāvana-vāsī yata jana > > jaya dvija-patnī, jaya nāga-kanyā-gaṇa > > bhaktite yāhārā pāila govinda-caraṇa > > śrī-rāsa-maṇḍala jaya, jaya rādhā-śyāma > > jaya jaya rāsa-līlā sarva-manorama > > jaya jayojjvala-rasa sarva-rasa-sāra > > parakīyā-bhāve yāhā brajete pracāra > > śrī-jāhnavā-pāda-padma kariyā smaraṇa > > dīna kṛṣṇa-dāsa kahe nāma-saṅkīrtana --- **[1977: Room Conversation](spoken/1977/771013r3.vrn)** > [pause] Śrīla Prabhupāda? We... In order to finish the Bombay temple, we're making a... We're sending some money to them for completion. So we have a committee called the Māyāpur-Vṛndāvana committee. Persons on the committee are Jayapatākā Swami, Girirāja, Gopāla Kṛṣṇa, Ātreya Ṛṣi, Rāmeśvara Mahārāja, Gurukṛpā Mahārāja and myself. That committee was formed by the GBC last Māyāpur festival. So they decided that they would give a loan. Because the BBT was a little short of money... The BBT sends the money to Bombay. So the BBT wants to loan some money from the Māyāpur-Vṛndāvana account in Los Angeles, and they'll pay it back with the same bank interest. --- ## Letters on October 13 *Letters from this day: 20* --- **[1967: Letter to Damodara](letters/1967/671013_damodara)** > I am very sorry to hear Kirtanananda, without doing anything practical, changes his ideas constantly. He was first man in our society to take the robes shave cleanly, & take flag & now he is changing his position. --- **[1967: Letter to Hansadutta](letters/1967/671013_hansadutta)** > "Money is the honey" goes so far as it is employed for Krishna consciousness. The body is undoubtedly a material vehicle but when it acts for Krishna Consciousness it becomes spiritualized. By the grace of Krishna material energy can be transformed to spiritual energy & spiritual energy is never deteriorated. --- **[1967: Letter to Jadurani](letters/1967/671013_jadurani)** > Krishna is never limited by space & time, therefore he can manifest Himself in Casual Ocean as well as in Vaikuntha. The easiest thing for you & for all others is to follow my instructions wherever you may be or I may be. --- **[1968: Letter to Acyutananda Jayagovinda](letters/1968/681013_acyutananda_jayagovinda)** > That is, you make your headquarters in Vrindaban, because as there is no possibility of printing my books under your supervision in Delhi, why should you remain in Delhi without any society's work? If you find Vrindaban inconvenient, you go to Bombay because Mr. --- **[1968: Letter to Janaki](letters/1968/681013_janaki)** > You have expressed very nice sentiments and this shows that you are positively advancing in Krishna Consciousness. --- **[1968: Letter to Mukunda](letters/1968/681013_mukunda)** > I hope in the meantime you have received my letter addressed to Syamasundara and I may be going to Vancouver from here for a few days to take my immigration visa. And they have called me on the 25th October, they have called me from Montreal, but I am requesting to dispatch the file to Vancouver and let me see what Krishna desires. --- **[1969: Letter to Jayapataka](letters/1969/691013_jayapataka)** > I beg to thank you for your letter dated October 3, 1969. Regarding the questions you have asked about the Radha-Krishna throne, I am enclosing herewith a diagram by Shyamsunder which should help you. If you have further questions about constructing the throne, you may consult with the Los Angeles temple. --- **[1969: Letter to Pradyumna](letters/1969/691013_pradyumna)** > I understand from your letter of October 8th that there is a struggle with the Kazi. --- **[1969: Letter to Tamala Krsna](letters/1969/691013_tamala_krsna)** > Regarding your question about *Govinda Ganamrta,* Govinda is Krishna, and ganamrta means the nectar of songs. --- **[1971: Letter to Dayananda Nandarani](letters/1971/711013_dayananda_nandarani)** > So far the roofless church, it is lying unused for so many years. Why not approach the authorities to give it to us as donation for this great cause, or else for a nominal lease-rent for 99 years? --- **[1971: Letter to Sriballavah Pranaballavah Kamalavati](letters/1971/711013_sriballavah_pranaballavah_kamalavati)** > I have just recently received one letter from Sriman Tulsidas Prabhu and at his recommendation I have gladly consented to accept you all as my duly initiated disciples. --- **[1971: Letter to Tamala Krsna](letters/1971/711013_tamala_krsna)** > So far printing Hindi BTG, why the check should be issued in the name of ISKCON; why not directly to the press name? So you can let me know in Bombay the exact amount, or the press bill, and the name of the press so that the check may be issued directly to their name. --- **[1971: Letter to Tulsi](letters/1971/711013_tulsi)** > It is very much encouraging that your center is improving daily and doing so nicely. --- **[1972: Letter to Yadubara](letters/1972/721013_yadubara)** > Concerning your request for money for Hindi and Gujarati BTG's where is the money collected from the first editions. --- **[1973: Letter to Candanacarya](letters/1973/731013_candanacarya)** > Yes, I am returning to Los Angeles after completing the Bombay affairs and a little tour of Africa and Australia, but by mid December I am sure to return to Los Angeles. --- **[1973: Letter to Cyavana](letters/1973/731013_cyavana)** > I am very much pleased with your preaching there, how you are making members and distributing books. --- **[1973: Letter to Mohanananda](letters/1973/731013_mohanananda)** > In my opinion all Gurukula students should be educated free of charge, but outside students may be charged. --- **[1973: Letter to Rupanuga](letters/1973/731013_rupanuga)** > Regarding your question about the spiritual world and the material world, there may be maya, but one who is Krsna conscious has nothing to do with it, exactly like there is the police department but the law abiding citizen has nothing to do with it. In the Bhagavad-gita it is stated: *daivi hy esa gunamayi/ mama maya duratyaya/ mam eva ye prapadyante/ mayam etam taranti te.* bg/7/14. --- **[1973: Letter to Tejiyas](letters/1973/731013_tejiyas)** > My program is that by the 25th of October I shall go to Delhi for one or two days and then to Vrindaban up to the 8th of November. --- **[1974: Letter to Murtidas](letters/1974/741013_murtidas)** > I do not know why you are not satisfied with your service there in Delhi. This is not Krishna consciousness. ---