# Cc. Madhya 21.20 ## Text > eka eka gopa kare ye vatsa cāraṇa > koṭi, arbuda, śaṅkha, padma, tāhāra gaṇana ## Synonyms *eka* *eka*—one after another; *gopa*—cowherd boys; *kare*—do; *ye*—whatever; *vatsa*—calves; *cāraṇa*—grazing; *koṭi*—ten millions; *arbuda*—a hundred million; *śaṅkha*—one trillion; *padma*—ten trillion; *tāhāra* *gaṇana*—the enumeration of that. ## Translation **"Each of the cowherd boys was tending calves to the extent of a koṭi, arbuda, śaṅkha and padma. That is the way of counting.** ## Purport According to Vedic mathematical calculations, the following enumeration system is used: units, tens (*daśa*), hundreds (*śata*), thousands (*sahasra*), ten thousands (*ayuta*) and hundred thousands (*lakṣa).* Ten times *lakṣa* is *niyuta.* Ten times *niyuta* is *koṭi.* Ten times *koṭi* is *arbuda.* Ten times *arbuda* is *vṛnda.* Ten times *vṛnda* is *kharva.* Ten times *kharva* is *nikharva.* Ten times *nikharva* is *śaṅkha.* Ten times *śaṅkha* is *padma,* and ten times *padma* is *sāgara.* Ten times *sāgara* is *antya,* and ten times *antya* is *madhya,* and ten times *madhya* is *parārdha.* Each item is ten times greater than the previous one. Thus all the cowherd boys who were companions of Kṛṣṇa had many calves to take care of.